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network scanner with perl + Tk

perl Tk ip scanner application
perl Tk ip scanner application

I enhanced my command line ip scanner by adding a Tk gui and adding a few more features.  Above, I am scanning a range of contiguous addresses on my home network.

It can also accept a list of hosts from a csv file.

list of hosts in csv format
list of hosts in csv format

Here are the results from the scan of the above list.

perl Tk ip scanner results using csv file input
perl Tk ip scanner results using csv file input

I am forced against my will to use Windows 10 on my PC at work.  I also lack admin privileges, so I cannot install a free ip scanner application.  I do, however, have ActivePerl installed on my box, and it has tons of modules so I can write my own utilities.

I have several classes of ip devices (routers, switches, battery chargers, etc.) that I want to monitor and have created individual csv files for each.  This simple script is highly effective at discovering devices on a subnet, or to give a quick glance at what devices on a list are online.

 
     1	#!/usr/bin/perl -w
     2	use strict;
     3	use Tkx;
     4	use Tkx::Scrolled;
     5	use Net::Ping;
     6	use Time::HiRes qw(gettimeofday);
       
     7	#main window
     8	my $mw = Tkx::widget->new(".");
     9	$mw->g_wm_title("nnmap network scanner");
    10	$mw->g_wm_geometry("800x600");
       
    11	#global vars
    12	my $ip_range = '';
    13	my $tdelay = 250; 
       
    14	#create ping object
    15	my $p = Net::Ping->new('icmp');
    16	#hi res time
    17	$p->hires();
       
    18	#a single ip address
    19	my $host;
       
    20	#up / down devices
    21	my @online_devices; 
    22	my @offline_devices; 
       
       
    23	#main content frame
    24	my $mfrm = $mw->new_ttk__frame(-padding => "5 10");
    25	$mfrm->g_grid(-column => 1, -row => 0, -sticky => "news");
    26	$mfrm->new_ttk__label(-text => "ip range")->g_grid(-column => 1, -row => 1, -sticky => "nw", -padx => 3, -pady => 1);
    27	$mfrm->new_ttk__entry(-textvariable => \$ip_range, -width => 24)->g_grid(-column => 1, -row => 2, -sticky => "nw", -padx => 3, -pady => 1);
    28	$mfrm->new_ttk__label(-text => "delay msec")->g_grid(-column => 1, -row => 3, -sticky => "nw", -padx => 3, -pady => 1);
    29	$mfrm->new_ttk__spinbox(-from => 1, -to => 900, -width => 5, -textvariable => \$tdelay)->g_grid(-column => 1, -row => 4, -sticky => "nw", -padx => 1, -pady => 2);
    30	$mfrm->new_ttk__button(-text => "scan", -command => sub {scan_net($ip_range);})->g_grid(-column => 1, -row => 5, -sticky => "nw", -padx => 1, -pady => 2);
       
    31	my $ta = $mfrm->new_tkx_Scrolled(
    32	    'text',
    33	    -scrollbars => "e",
    34	    -width => 70,
    35	    -height => 33,
    36	    -state => "normal"
    37	);
    38	$ta->g_grid(-column => 2, -row => 1, -sticky => "e", -padx => 5, -pady => 5, -rowspan => 50);
       
    39	#colors
    40	$ta->tag_configure("success", -foreground=>"white", -background=>"green");
    41	$ta->tag_configure("failure", -foreground=>"white", -background=>"red");
    42	#fonts
    43	$ta->tag_configure("lgtxt", -font =>"r18", -relief=>"raised", -underline=>1);
       
    44	sub scan_net{
    45		my $func_name = (caller(0))[3];
    46		print "Called $func_name on line ". __LINE__."\n";
    47		
    48		print "ip range: $ip_range\n";
       
    49		#parse ip range
    50		#only for class c or smaller subnets
    51		#?'s in regex account for a single ip address to scan
    52		$ip_range =~ /(\d+\.\d+\.\d+)\.(\d+)-?(\d+)?/;
    53		my $network = $1;
    54		my $start_ip = $2;
    55		my $end_ip = $3;
    56		
    57		print "end_ip: $end_ip\tstart ip: $start_ip\n";
       
    58		#account for just one ip to scan
    59		if($end_ip eq ""){
    60			$end_ip = $start_ip; 
    61		}#end if
       
    62		#convert time delay
    63		my $ping_delay = $tdelay * 0.001;
       
    64		#empty text area
    65		$ta->delete("1.0", "end");
       
    66		#get t0 for benchmark
    67		my $t0 = gettimeofday();
       
    68		#line counter
    69		my $line_n = 1; 
       
    70		for(my $i=$start_ip;$i<=$end_ip;$i++) { 71 $host = "$network.$i"; 72 print "scanning host: $host\n"; 73 #list context, returns duration 74 my ($ret, $dur, $ip) = $p->ping($host, $ping_delay);
    75			
    76			#format time
    77			$dur = sprintf("%.6f", $dur); 	
       
    78			#results
    79			if($ret){
    80				#print WHITE ON_GREEN "$host is up  latency: $dur seconds", RESET;
    81				#form response string
    82				my $response = "$host is up  $dur seconds";
    83				my $res_len = length($response); 
    84				if($res_len < 70){#fill up ta rows with color
    85					my $n_sp = 70 - $res_len; 
    86					for(my $x=0;$x<$n_sp;$x++){ 87 $response = $response." "; 88 }#end for add sp 89 }#end if 90 $response = $response."\n"; 91 #print "res_len: $res_len\n"; 92 #print "\n"; 93 $ta->insert("$line_n.0", $response);
    94				$ta->tag_add("success", "$line_n.0", "$line_n.0 lineend");
    95				push @online_devices, $host;
    96			}#end if
    97			else{
    98				my $response = "$host down";
    99				my $res_len = length($response); 
   100				if($res_len < 70){
   101					my $n_sp = 70 - $res_len; 
   102					for(my $x=0;$x<$n_sp;$x++){ 103 $response = $response." "; 104 }#end for add sp 105 }#end if 106 $response = $response."\n"; 107 #print "res_len: $res_len\n"; 108 #print WHITE ON_RED "$host down", RESET; 109 #print "\n"; 110 $ta->insert("$line_n.0", $response);
   111				$ta->tag_add("failure", "$line_n.0", "$line_n.0 lineend");
   112				push @offline_devices, $host;
   113			}#end else		
       
   114			#increment line number
   115			$line_n++;
   116		
   117		}#end for
       
   118		#results
   119		#benchmarking results
   120		my $t1 = gettimeofday();
   121		my $elapsed = $t1 - $t0; 
   122		$elapsed = sprintf("%6f", $elapsed);
   123		print "\ntime elapsed: $elapsed....\n";
   124		my $up_sz = @online_devices;
   125		my $down_sz = @offline_devices;
   126		print "$up_sz devices online\n$down_sz devices offline\n";
       
   127		#form results
   128		my $results = "Results\ntime elapsed: $elapsed\n\n$up_sz devices online\n$down_sz devices offline\n";
   129		
   130		#insert results
   131		$ta->insert("$line_n.0", $results);
   132		$ta->tag_add("lgtxt", "$line_n.0", "$line_n.0 lineend");
   133	}#end scan_net
       
   134	sub openCSV{
   135		my $func_name = (caller(0))[3];
   136		print "Called $func_name on line ". __LINE__."\n";
       
   137		my $fn = Tkx::tk___getOpenFile();
   138		print "FILE: $fn\n";
       
   139		#open csv file
   140		open HF, $fn, or die $!;
       
   141		#empty text area
   142		$ta->delete("1.0", "end");
       
   143		#ping delay
   144		my $ping_delay = $tdelay*0.001;
       
   145		#get t0 for benchmark
   146		my $t0 = gettimeofday();
       
   147		#line number counter
   148		my $line_n = 1;
       
   149		while(){
   150			my $ipdevice = $_;
   151			my @ipdev = split(',', $ipdevice); 
   152			my $description = $ipdev[1]; 
   153			$host = $ipdev[2]; 		
   154			$host =~ s/\s+//;
   155			$description =~ s/\n//;
   156			
   157			#list context, returns duration
   158			my ($ret, $dur, $ip) = $p->ping($host, $ping_delay);
       
   159			print "scanning host: $host\n";
   160			
   161			#format time
   162			$dur = sprintf("%.6f", $dur); 	
   163			
   164			my $host_desc = $host."\t\t".$description;
   165			
   166			#results
   167			if($ret){
   168				#print WHITE ON_GREEN "$host $description is up  latency: $dur seconds", RESET;
   169				#print "\n";
   170				my $response = "$host $description is up  $dur sec";
   171				my $res_len = length($response); 
   172				if($res_len < 70){#fill up ta rows with color
   173					my $n_sp = 70 - $res_len; 
   174					for(my $x=0;$x<$n_sp;$x++){ 175 $response = $response." "; 176 }#end for add sp 177 }#end if 178 $response = $response."\n"; 179 $ta->insert("$line_n.0", $response);
   180				$ta->tag_add("success", "$line_n.0", "$line_n.0 lineend");
   181				push @online_devices, $host_desc;
   182			}#end if
   183			else{
   184				#print WHITE ON_RED "$host $description down", RESET;
   185				#print "\n";
   186				push @offline_devices, $host_desc;
   187				my $response = "$host $description down";
   188				my $res_len = length($response); 
   189				if($res_len < 70){#fill up ta rows with color
   190					my $n_sp = 70 - $res_len; 
   191					for(my $x=0;$x<$n_sp;$x++){ 192 $response = $response." "; 193 }#end for add sp 194 }#end if 195 $response = $response."\n"; 196 $ta->insert("$line_n.0", $response);
   197				$ta->tag_add("failure", "$line_n.0", "$line_n.0 lineend");
   198			}#end else
       
   199			$line_n++;
   200		}#end while
   201		
   202		close HF; 
       
   203		#results
   204		#benchmarking results
   205		my $t1 = gettimeofday();
   206		my $elapsed = $t1 - $t0; 
   207		$elapsed = sprintf("%6f", $elapsed);
   208		print "\ntime elapsed: $elapsed....\n";
   209		my $up_sz = @online_devices;
   210		my $down_sz = @offline_devices;
   211		print "$up_sz devices online\n$down_sz devices offline\n";
       
   212		#form results
   213		my $results = "Results\ntime elapsed: $elapsed\n\n$up_sz devices online\n$down_sz devices offline\n";
   214		
   215		#insert results
   216		$ta->insert("$line_n.0", $results);
   217		$ta->tag_add("lgtxt", "$line_n.0", "$line_n.0 lineend");
   218	}#end openCSV
       
   219	#menu
   220	Tkx::option_add("*tearOff", 0);
   221	$mw->configure(-menu => mk_menu($mw));
   222	sub mk_menu{
   223		my $mw = shift;
   224		my $menu = $mw->new_menu();
   225		my $file = $menu->new_menu( -tearoff => 0);
   226		$menu->add_cascade(
   227			-label => "File", 
   228			-underline => 0, 
   229			-menu => $file
   230		);
   231		$file->add_command(
   232			-label => "Open CSV File", 
   233			-underline => 0, 
   234			-command => sub {openCSV();}
   235		);
   236	          $file->add_command(
   237	              -label   => "Exit",
   238	              -underline => 1,
   239	              -command => [\&Tkx::destroy, $mw],
   240	          );
   241		return $menu;
   242	}#end mk_menu
       
   243	Tkx::MainLoop();

This is one of those utilities of mine that will probably continue to grow in complexity.

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Fret Not! guitar fretboard tutor program

I got a nice acoustic guitar for Christmas.  I haven’t played in years, really since my eldest son was born 17 years ago.  At the time I was really into Mississippi River Delta Blues, and finger-style playing in alternate tunings.  I mostly read tablature.  I knew some pentatonic shapes to play up and down the fretboard, but not the actual note names I was playing.  This time around,  I want to learn how to read notes on a staff, and that means knowing the fretboard unconsciously.  To help,  I wrote a very simple perl script that I call ‘Fret Not!’

Fret Not! guitar fretboard tutoring perl script
Fret Not! guitar fretboard tutoring perl script teaches notes on the fretboard

It uses the ascii art program figlet for some simple command line graphics.  It basically is an endless loop asking you to name the note on a particular string at a particular fret.  It really is helping me to memorize the note positions on a fretboard.

 
     1	#!/usr/bin/perl -w
     2	#use Data::Dumper;
     3	use strict;
     4	$| = 1;	#flush output
       
     5	#display heading
     6	print "#####################################################################################\n";
     7	system('figlet "FretNot!" -c');
     8	print "#####################################################################################\n";
       
     9	#guitar string arrays
    10	my @e1 = ('E','F','F#','G','G#','A','A#','B','C','C#','D','D#','E');
    11	my @a = ('A','A#','B','C','C#','D','D#','E','F','F#','G','G#','A');
    12	my @d = ('D','D#','E','F','F#','G','G#','A','A#','B','C','C#','D');
    13	my @g = ('G','G#','A','A#','B','C','C#','D','D#','E','F','F#','G');
    14	my @b = ('B','C','C#','D','D#','E','F','F#','G','G#','A','A#','B');
    15	my @e2 = ('E','F','F#','G','G#','A','A#','B','C','C#','D','D#','E');
       
    16	#hashref of all strings
    17	my $stringref = [\@e1, \@a, \@d, \@g, \@b, \@e2];
       
    18	#testing; worked
    19	#print Dumper($stringref);
       
    20	for(;;){
    21		my $str_num = 1 + int rand(6);
    22		my $fret_num = 1 + int rand(12);
    23		print "What is the note on string $str_num at fret $fret_num ?:";
    24		chomp(my $answer = );
    25		$str_num-=1;
    26		#$fret_num-=1;
    27		my $note = ${$stringref}[$str_num][$fret_num]; 
    28		print "note: $note\tans: $answer\n";
       
    29		if($note eq $answer){
    30			system('figlet "correct!"');
    31		}#end if
    32		else{
    33			system('figlet "LOSER!"');
    34		}#end else
    35	}#end for

As you can see, I created a data structure in the form of a reference of array references.  It randomly chooses a string at a particular fret.  A mere 35 lines of perl, but very effective for it’s purpose.  To use this,  you will have to install figlet on your linux box.

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interface raspberry pi zero with arduino via UART

interfacing arduino with a raspberry pi zero using uart
interfacing arduino with a raspberry pi zero using uart

I wanted to use a pi zero to log data captured by a arduino nano every.  The idea was to capture a screen session and parse the data with perl regular expressions.  Initially, I simply connected the UART pins directly.  You have to criss-cross the TX / RX lines.  I got a few readings from the arduino, then screen would terminate.  I was aware the logic levels were different (5V for the arduino, 3.3V for the pi) and thought that was the issue.  I connected a logic level converter and has the same result.  The issue was that I needed to disable getty.

disable getty on raspberry pi to connect to arduino via uart
disable getty on raspberry pi to connect to arduino via uart

After disabling getty,  I was able to maintain an open session between the pi and an arduino.

pi zero connected to an arduino via uart at 9600 baud
pi zero connected to an arduino via uart at 9600 baud

This output is messy, but not at all difficult to parse with perl.  The main thing is that it does not terminate suddenly because getty is disabled.  I forgot to mention that I was ssh’d into the pi zero via USB.  See my previous posts on how to enable ethernet via usb on a pi zero.